The Cases That Don’t Exist

How GenAI is not yet ready for law

In 2023, a New York lawyer named Steven Schwartz filed a brief in a routine personal-injury case against an airline. The brief cited a half-dozen helpful precedents. The precedents did not exist. Schwartz had asked ChatGPT to find supporting cases, and ChatGPT — being a machine that produces plausible language rather than true statements — invented them, names and citations and quotations and all, then cheerfully assured him they were real when he asked. The legal world treated Mata v. Avianca as a freak show: a cautionary tale about one careless lawyer. An embarrassing one-off.

It was not a one-off. It was the first crack in a dam.

By the end of 2025, a researcher in Paris named Damien […]

By |June 12th, 2026|2026, 2Brains, Artificial Intelligence, law, Uncategorized|2 Comments
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Apple Gave Siri Hands

WWDC answered whether your assistant is private. It never answered whether it’s telling the truth — and Apple just gave it hands.

The smartest thing I’ve read about Apple’s WWDC didn’t come from Apple. It came from an analyst named Nate B. Jones, who watched the same keynote everyone else did and noticed that the real story wasn’t whether Siri had finally gotten smart. The real story, he argued, is a land grab over what he calls the trusted action surface — the place where AI actually meets your work, touches your apps, and is handed permission to do something. There are two great bottlenecks in AI, he points out: raw compute, which is Jensen Huang’s kingdom, and the trusted surface where intelligence becomes useful, […]

By |June 11th, 2026|2026, 2Brains, Artificial Intelligence, Uncategorized|2 Comments
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The Market Behind the Wall

Yesterday I told you what 2Brains is, and how it separates the saying from the knowing. Today, the part that ought to worry some very large companies: what all of it is worth if we’re right.

Wall Street is pricing the AI data-center buildout at something like $1.7 trillion by 2030. Almost all of that spend assumes one particular shape: vast halls of graphics chips answering questions by guessing, one likely word at a time. So ask the heretical question — how many of those “questions” are questions at all? How many are lookups? What’s our refund policy? What was Q3 revenue in the Ohio region? Is this patient allergic to penicillin? Those aren’t creative prompts. They’re retrievals, and an ordinary processor has answered retrievals […]

By |June 10th, 2026|2026, 2Brains, Artificial Intelligence|2 Comments
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Two Brains

For two months this column has been describing an architecture. Here’s the part I kept in the footnotes: I’ve been building it.

I owe you a confession, and then I owe you a demonstration.

The confession first. For weeks I’ve written about why the machines can’t tell truth from plausibility — why detection isn’t a strategy, why fluency isn’t fidelity, why the only honest path is to separate the saying from the knowing and import truth from somewhere you can actually check. I’ve signed each of those columns with a one-line note that I co-founded a company “built on this conviction.” That little disclosure has been doing a lot of quiet work. These columns were not the musings of a neutral observer. They were the argument […]

By |June 9th, 2026|2026, Artificial Intelligence, Uncategorized|8 Comments
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GenAI is Fluent in Everything, but Faithful in Nothing

Why the machines hallucinate, why they have no worldview, and why truth has to come from somewhere else.

I’m going to say something that sounds like an insult and is meant as a description: large language models (all of them) hav never known a true thing. Not once. It doesn’t know things at all. It is extraordinarily good at sounding like it does, which is a different skill, and most of our present confusion comes from mistaking the second for the first.

Here is what a language model actually does. It has read an enormous amount of text, and from that text it has learned, with real brilliance, what tends to come next. Give it some words and it predicts the words likely to follow. That […]

By |June 8th, 2026|2026, Artificial Intelligence|6 Comments
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